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Author(s):: LIU Qinglei; LIU Yuanchao; ZHANG Wang; GU Jiajun; FAN Tongxiang; ZHANG Di; (State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China)

摘要:: 經(jīng)過自然界的長期選擇和進化，很多生物形成了多維、分級的精細結(jié)構(gòu)，從而輔助其實現(xiàn)一種或數(shù)種功能目的。這為新型功能材料的設(shè)計和開發(fā)提供了很好的借鑒，因此近些年來研究并模仿生物結(jié)構(gòu)，已成為新材料研究的主要熱點之一。然而，由于多數(shù)生物結(jié)構(gòu)非常精細復雜，因此直接采用傳統(tǒng)的人工方法很難制備出類似的結(jié)構(gòu)。遺態(tài)方法通過直接以生物結(jié)構(gòu)為模板，選擇合適的物理化學方法，在保持模板精細分級結(jié)構(gòu)的同時，將框架成分轉(zhuǎn)化為目標材質(zhì)，可制備具有生物精細分級結(jié)構(gòu)的新型功能材料。文章從遺態(tài)的思路和原理出發(fā)，給出了幾種常用的制備方法，并介紹了近幾年來基于幾種典型生物結(jié)構(gòu)的遺態(tài)材料研究進展，以及在光響應、光催化、電磁波吸收、氣敏等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的功能探索。

Abstract:: In nature, biological organisms possess multilevel, hierarchical and elaborate structures that are developed during the evolution in millions of years. These hierarchical structures help facilitate the realization of one or a few functions of living organisms. Inspired by these natural structures, material scientists have attempted to prepare novel functional materials with similar structures by mimicking these biological structures. However, conventional methods are hard to fabricate materials with such complicated hierarchical structures. Morphology genetic method has been recently adopted to effectively prepare materials with biological structures by changing the compositions of biological templates to desired materials while keeping the structures of the templates. In this paper, we firstly introduce the morphology genetic principles and several related fabrication methods. Secondly, progress is summarized on the morphology genetic materials using some biological structures as templates. Finally, functional performances of these materials,including light response, photocatalysis, electromagnetic wave absorption, and gas sensing,are introduced as well.