文章信息/Info

Title:

Nano materials of aerogels

作者:

孔勇 ;  沈曉冬 ;  崔升

南京工業(yè)大學(xué) 材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，材料化學(xué)工程國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室

Author(s):

 KONG Yong;  SHEN Xiaodong ; CUI Sheng

State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University

關(guān)鍵詞:

氣凝膠; 納米多孔; 碳; 氧化物; 碳化物; 隔熱; 吸附

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2016.08.02

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

作為一種具有連續(xù)三維網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)的納米多孔材料，氣凝膠具有低密度、高孔隙率、高比表面積、大介孔體積等結(jié)構(gòu)特征，使其具有低熱導(dǎo)率、良好的吸附能力、低聲傳播速度、低介電常數(shù)等獨(dú)特性能。因此氣凝膠材料在航空航天、軍工、石油化工、新能源、科學(xué)研究、節(jié)能建筑、環(huán)保與節(jié)能減排等領(lǐng)域有良好的應(yīng)用前景，是當(dāng)前材料科學(xué)重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)研究領(lǐng)域之一，發(fā)改委《當(dāng)前優(yōu)先發(fā)展的高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)化重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域指南（2011）》將氣凝膠列入其中。近年來(lái)，氣凝膠的制備、結(jié)構(gòu)特征和測(cè)試表征方法、性能和應(yīng)用方面的研究被大量報(bào)道，本文重點(diǎn)介紹典型塊狀氧化物氣凝膠、碳和碳化物氣凝膠，綜述在基礎(chǔ)研究和產(chǎn)業(yè)化方面所取得的研究成果。

Abstract:

As a nanoporous material with consecutive three-dimensional network, aerogels have feature structures of low density, high porosity and surface area, and large mesopore volume, which lead to their unique properties of low thermal conductivity, good adsorption capability, low sound propagation speed and low dielectric constant. Therefore, they have promising applications in many fields, such as aerospace, military, petrochemical industry, new energy, scientific research, energy-saving building, environment protecting, energy saving and emission reduction, etc. Aerogel is one of the most popular and important topic pertaining to materials science and many other research areas, and it was incorporated in ‘Guidelines for the Current Priority Areas of High Technology Industrialization（2011）’ issued by National Development and Reform Commission of China. Recently, a number of literatures have reported the preparations, structures and characterizations, properties and applications of aerogels. Herein, progresses on researches and applications of oxides, carbonaceous and carbide based monolithic aerogels were reviewed.