文章信息/Info

Title:

Research Progress on Gradient Metallic Materials
 

作者:

 李 毅

 (中國科學(xué)院金屬研究所 沈陽材料科學(xué)國家（聯(lián)合）實(shí)驗(yàn)室

Author(s):

 LI Yi

 (Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,

關(guān)鍵詞:

 ; 梯度結(jié)構(gòu)金屬材料; 梯度率; 制備方法; 強(qiáng)韌性匹配; 多功能性; 發(fā)展前景

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.2016.09.03

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，人們對金屬材料的要求日益增加。這就要求金屬材料在具有高強(qiáng)度的同時，也需要其有良好的韌性，耐磨性，耐腐蝕性，高疲勞強(qiáng)度等。梯度結(jié)構(gòu)是一種成分、組織或相（或組元）逐漸向另一成分、組織或相（或組元）過渡的結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不僅能有效避免尺寸突變引起的性能突變，還能使具有不同特征尺寸的結(jié)構(gòu)相互協(xié)調(diào)，使材料的整體性能和使役性能得到極大優(yōu)化和提升，為實(shí)現(xiàn)材料強(qiáng)韌性的完美匹配和多功能性提供了一個重要方向。本文介紹了梯度結(jié)構(gòu)金屬材料的研究背景，制備方法，優(yōu)異性能及最新研究進(jìn)展，并探討了梯度結(jié)構(gòu)金屬材料的研究方向和應(yīng)用前景。

Abstract:

Facing ever growing demand for improvement in the properties of materials, including high strength and toughness, high wear resistance, high corrosion resistance, and high fatigue performance et al. Gradient materials are kind of materials that change gradually with a gradient from one constituent to another, including composition gradient, phase gradient, and grain size gradient or combination of the above. The gradient structure not only could effectively avoid the sudden change in properties caused by interface, but also coordinate the deformation of various feature sizes, and achieve the improvement of strength and ductility at the same time. In this paper, the concept and classification of the gradient materials are introduced, and the possible ways to produce gradient materials and the mechanism to improve multiple material properties are discussed. As one of the promising areas, gradient materials are expected to achieve the major advances in improving materials’ properties and multifunctionality, and widely to be used in the application in near future.