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作者:: 沈曉冬; 吳曉棟; 孔勇; 崔升; 南京工業(yè)大學材料科學與工程學院
江蘇先進無機功能復合材料協同創(chuàng)新中心
建筑材料行業(yè)氣凝膠材料重點實驗室

Author(s):: SHEN Xiaodong；WU Xiaodong；KONG Yong；CUI Sheng; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Inorganic Function Composites
Key Laboratory of Aerogel Based Building Materials

Keywords:: aerogel; thermal insulation; building materials; CO2 adsorption; nano materials

摘要:: 氣凝膠材料是一種具有低密度、高孔隙率、高比表面積、低折射率、低介電常數等特性的納米多孔材料，在航空航天、石油化工、環(huán)境處理、建筑保溫、能量儲存與轉化等領域具有廣泛的應用價值。重點介紹了國內外二氧化硅基氣凝膠和有機氣凝膠的組成、結構、制備和性能方面所取得的突破性進展，其中二氧化硅基氣凝膠主要從耐高溫氣凝膠、疏水氣凝膠和低成本氣凝膠3方面進行論述，有機氣凝膠主要包括聚合物基有機氣凝膠和生物質基有機氣凝膠。綜述了氣凝膠材料在絕熱和吸附領域的最新研究和應用，最后對氣凝膠材料未來的發(fā)展方向進行了展望。

Abstract:: Aerogels have many unique properties, such as low bulk density, high porosity, high specific surface area, low refractive index and low dielectric constant, etc. Therefore, aerogels have many promising applications in many fields such as aerospace, industry, environmental protection, building energy saving, energy storage and conversion, etc. In this paper, the representative studies and research progress of aerogel fabrication, development and applications with respect to silicabased aerogels and organic aerogels are provided. Silicabased aerogels include hightemperature aerogels, hydrophobic aerogels and costeffective aerogels, while organic aerogels can be classified as polymerbased organic aerogel and biomassbased organic aerogels. The research advances on aerogelbased thermal insulations and adsorbents are summarized. The prospects of aerogel application development are also reviewed in this paper.