文章信息/Info

Title:

Advances in the Enhancement of Hydrogen Sorption Performance of Magnesium-Based Materials

文章編號:

1674-3962(2023)02-0089-09

作者:

胡建江1; 姬曉隆1; 劉明碩1; 徐濤2

（1. 煙臺大學(xué)化學(xué)化工學(xué)院，山東 煙臺 264005）（2. 湖北航天化學(xué)技術(shù)研究所，湖北 襄陽 441003）

Author(s):

HU Jianjiang1; JI Xiaolong1; LIU Mingshuo1; XU Tao2

（1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China）（2. Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology，Xiangyang 441003, China）

關(guān)鍵詞:

鎂基儲氫材料; 添加劑摻雜; 納米限域; 納米結(jié)構(gòu)化; 獨立分散納米顆粒

Keywords:

Mg-based hydrogen storage materials; catalytical additives; nanoconfinement; nanostructuring; free standing nanoparticle

分類號:

TG139+.7

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202208023

文獻標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

氫氣的高效安全儲運是發(fā)展氫能源經(jīng)濟迫切需要解決的問題。金屬鎂在地殼中含量豐富，其氫化物（MgH2）分子含氫量達7.6%，是含氫量最高的、可循環(huán)吸放氫的簡單金屬氫化物，體積儲氫密度（110 kg/m3）高于液態(tài)氫，作為固體儲氫介質(zhì)一直備受關(guān)注。然而，MgH2的熱力學(xué)性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定，氫化反應(yīng)焓變?yōu)?-75 kJ/mol H2，0.1 MPa平衡分壓溫度在300 ℃左右，遠(yuǎn)高于質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池（proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC）實際工作溫度。近幾十年來，為了改善MgH2的吸放氫性能，各國研究人員進行了大量研究工作，在提高鎂基材料儲氫性能上取得了巨大進步，特別是材料的納米結(jié)構(gòu)化產(chǎn)生的尺寸效應(yīng)使鎂基材料儲氫性能已趨于實用化要求。首先介紹鎂基固體儲氫材料特性，然后分類介紹提高儲氫性能的原理、效果和存在的問題以及發(fā)展趨勢。

Abstract:

The efficient and safe storage and transport of hydrogen are bottleneck issues that necessitate a solution for the implementation of hydrogen as a sustainable clean energy resource. Magnesium is abundant in the earth’s crust, and its hydride (MgH2) has a hydrogen content of 7.6%, which is the highest among the binary metal hydrides that can reversibly store hydrogen. With a volumetric hydrogen capacity (110 kg/m3) higher than liquid hydrogen, MgH2 is regarded as a promising solid hydrogen storage medium. However, the high operation temperature due to its stable thermodynamics (enthalpy of formation is -75 kJ/mol) limits its practical application for PEM fuel cell. In order to improve the hydrogen sorption performance of MgH2, intensive research activities have been undertaken worldwide in the past decades and significant improvements have been achieved. In particular, hydrogen storage properties of MgH2 close to the practical requirement have been attained by the size-effect through nanostructuring. This paper introduces the physical characteristics of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials, principles and achievements for the improvement of hydrogen sorption kinetics and thermodynamics, as well as remaining issues. Prospects for further improvement of sorption performance have been discussed.