文章信息/Info

Title:

Review on H13 Steel for Hot Work Mold Fabricated via Laser Powder Bed Fusion

文章編號(hào):

1674-3962(2025)12-1083-17

作者:

楊國(guó)煜; 吝放; 王金悅; 萬(wàn)杰; 鄧彥超; 李進(jìn)步; 陳豫增

1.西北工業(yè)大學(xué) 凝固技術(shù)全國(guó)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，陜西 西安 710072 2.蘇州勻晶金屬科技有限公司，江蘇 蘇州 215024 3.寧波賽維達(dá)技術(shù)股份有限公司，浙江 寧波 315803

Author(s):

YANG Guoyu;  LIN Fang;  WANG Jinyue;  WAN Jie;  DENG Yanchao; LI Jinbu;  CHEN Yuzeng

1. State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China 2. Suzhou Yunjing Metal Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215024, China 3. Ningbo SClVEDA Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315803, China

關(guān)鍵詞:

激光粉末床熔融; 熱作模具H13鋼; 微觀組織; 力學(xué)性能; 服役性能

Keywords:

laser powder bed fusion;  H13 hotwork tool steel;  microstructure;  mechanical properties;  service performance

分類號(hào):

TG142

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202405012

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

近年來(lái)，激光粉末床熔融（laser powder bed fusion, LPBF）作為一種先進(jìn)的增材制造技術(shù)，已吸引了廣泛的關(guān)注和研究。利用其高自由度的成形方式，可以設(shè)計(jì)制造出合適的冷卻流道來(lái)對(duì)熱作模具進(jìn)行控溫，從而提高模具的冷卻效率及使用壽命。因此，LPBF技術(shù)在熱作模具的成形制造中得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。H13鋼具有高強(qiáng)度、高硬度、良好的耐回火性等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，是熱作模具最常用的工具鋼之一。關(guān)于LPBF技術(shù)在H13鋼中的應(yīng)用一直是該領(lǐng)域的研究焦點(diǎn)，也已取得顯著進(jìn)展�；�于此，首先闡述了LPBF制備H13鋼的成形性能，分析了打印工藝參數(shù)對(duì)成形缺陷的影響，介紹了控制打印開(kāi)裂的方法；其次，對(duì)沉積態(tài)與熱處理態(tài)的LPBF成形H13鋼的微觀組織和力學(xué)性能進(jìn)行介紹，詳細(xì)論述了打印成形及后續(xù)熱處理過(guò)程中的組織演化，在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了微觀組織對(duì)強(qiáng)度、硬度、塑性等方面的影響；同時(shí)也對(duì)LPBF成形H13鋼在熱作模具中的服役性能進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，沉積態(tài)的LPBF成形H13鋼具有良好的抗回火軟化及抗熱疲勞性能。最后，對(duì)具有隨形冷卻流道的LPBF成形H13鋼熱作模具在實(shí)際中的應(yīng)用情況進(jìn)行了總結(jié)分析，指出隨形冷卻流道在提高冷卻效率、延長(zhǎng)模具使用壽命等方面的顯著優(yōu)勢(shì)。

Abstract:

In recent years, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology, as an advanced additive manufacturing method, has attracted significant attention as a research focus. Due to its design freedom advantage, LPBF allows for the precise creation of cooling channels tailored to the mold�餾 contours. As a result, the cooling efficiency and service life of mold will be improved. Therefore, LPBF has been widely used in the manufacturing of hot work molds. H13 steel has become one of the most commonly used tool steels for hot work molds, owing to its remarkable attributes such as superior strength and hardness, along with exceptional resistance to tempering. The application of LPBF technology in H13 tool steel remains a significant area of investigation,where substantial advancements have been made. Based on this,the formability of H13 steel fabricated via LPBF has been described. The influence of process parameters on forming defects and the methods for controlling cracks have been analyzed. Then, the evolution of the microstructure during printing and heat treatment is discussed in detail, and the influence of the microstructure on plasticity, hardness and strength is reviewed as a result. In addition, the service performance of LPBF�睭13 steel in hot work molds is investigated, with the result that the as-built LPBF-H13 steel has excellent resistance to tempering softening and thermal fatigue. The application of LPBF-H13 steel hot work dies including conformal cooling channels has been concluded, its notable advantages in raising cooling efficiency have been noted.