文章信息/Info

Title:

Methods for Reducing Heat Release of Polymeric Materials

文章編號(hào):

1674-3962(2024)08-0682-14

作者:

王紫霓; 趙海波; 劉博文

四川大學(xué)化學(xué)學(xué)院 環(huán)保型高分子材料國家地方聯(lián)合工程實(shí)驗(yàn)室 教育部環(huán)境與火安全高分子材料協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心 環(huán)境友好高分子材料教育部工程研究中心，四川 成都 610064

Author(s):

WANG Zini;  ZHAO Haibo;  LIU Bowen

The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China

關(guān)鍵詞:

高分子材料; 阻燃; 熱釋放; 阻燃方法; 阻燃機(jī)理

Keywords:

polymer materials;  flame retardancy;  heat release;  flame-retardant method;  flame-retardant mechanism

分類號(hào):

TQ317

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202405013

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

與金屬材料和無機(jī)非金屬材料并列為三大類材料之一的有機(jī)高分子材料，廣泛應(yīng)用于國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和國防建設(shè)的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。由于其有機(jī)化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)，大多數(shù)高分子材料都具有易燃性，易被引燃導(dǎo)致火災(zāi)事故，危害人們的生命健康和財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。評(píng)價(jià)高分子材料阻燃性更多地是著眼于是否難點(diǎn)燃、易自熄等，而材料一旦被點(diǎn)燃，材料的熱釋放特性則是直接決定燃燒會(huì)否發(fā)展為火災(zāi)的重要因素。降低高分子材料燃燒時(shí)的熱釋放，可以延緩材料達(dá)到轟燃的時(shí)間，避免火災(zāi)，或在火災(zāi)發(fā)生前為人員逃生爭(zhēng)取更多的時(shí)間。重點(diǎn)介紹了降低高分子材料熱釋放的阻燃方法，其中包括“三源一體”膨脹炭化阻燃、有機(jī)/無機(jī)納米復(fù)合材料阻隔層阻燃、磷系阻燃、高溫自交聯(lián)/重排炭化阻燃等方法，進(jìn)一步對(duì)該領(lǐng)域面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和未來發(fā)展趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了深入分析。

Abstract:

Organic polymeric materials, classified as one of the three major types of materials together with metal materials and inorganic non-metallic materials, are widely used in various fields of national economy and national defense construction. However, due to their organic chemical structure, most polymer materials are flammable and easily ignited, leading to fire accidents and jeopardizing people’s lives, health and property safety. Evaluation of flame�瞨etardant polymeric materials is mostly focused on whether it is difficult to ignite, easy to self-extinguish, etc., however, once ignited, the materials-heat release will directly determine whether it is easy to develop into a tragic fire disaster. Reducing the heat release of polymer materials during combustion can delay the time for the material to reach ignition, and provide more time for personnel escape. Here, this review focuses on the flame-retardant methods to reduce the heat release of polymeric materials, including “all-in-one”intumescent char-forming, organic/inorganic nanocomposites blocked layer, phosphorus based flame retardant and high-temperature char-forming based on self-crosslinking/rearrangement, and further in-depth discusses the challenges and the development trend of these methods in the future.