文章信息/Info

Title:

Research Status and Application Prospects of High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys

文章編號:

1674-3962(2025)11-1018-09

作者:

賈哲豪; 奚運濤;  陳珍;  宋佳星; 田權(quán)偉;  王夢;  田謹(jǐn)

1. 西安石油大學(xué)材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院，陜西 西安 710065 2. 西安稀有金屬材料研究院有限公司，陜西 西安 710016

Author(s):

JIA Zhehao;  XI Yuntao;  CHEN Zhen;  SONG Jiaxing;  TIAN Quanwen;  WANG Meng;  TIAN Jin

1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China 2. Xi’an Rare Metal Materials Institute Co. Ltd., Xi’an, 710016, China

關(guān)鍵詞:

高溫形狀記憶合金; 馬氏體相變; 超彈性; 形狀記憶效應(yīng)

Keywords:

high temperature shape memory alloys;  martensitic phase transition; superelasticity;  shape memory effect

分類號:

TG139+.6

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202406023

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

高溫形狀記憶合金（HTSMAs）可簡化機(jī)械部件的設(shè)計，并提高其運行效率，在汽車、航空航天、制造業(yè)和能源勘探領(lǐng)域有極大的應(yīng)用潛力。在實際應(yīng)用中，除了高的相變溫度外，還要求HTSMAs具有較大的可回復(fù)應(yīng)變、長期穩(wěn)定性、抗塑性變形與抗蠕變的特性，但隨著溫度的升高，這些要求越來越難以滿足。此外，較差的可加工性與高昂的原材料成本，使這一類合金的工業(yè)化面臨較大的挑戰(zhàn)。盡管如此，通過成分控制、合金化、熱機(jī)械處理以及開發(fā)新的制備工藝，HTSMAs的研究取得了一定的進(jìn)展。在目前研究的HTSMAs體系中，Ni-Ti基、Cu基以及Ni-Mn-Ga基HTSMAs最具潛力。對這3種HTSMAs的物理和高溫力學(xué)性能、加工技術(shù)、應(yīng)用和挑戰(zhàn)等方面進(jìn)行簡要概述，總結(jié)了通過不同成分設(shè)計、合金化、熱處理及機(jī)械加工等方法改善后，HTSMAs材料的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)及力學(xué)性能，提及了機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)在輔助形狀記憶合金成分設(shè)計方面的發(fā)展前景，對目前各領(lǐng)域HTSMAs材料面臨的難題及未來的發(fā)展方向進(jìn)行了歸納。

Abstract:

High-temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) have considerable potential for applications in many fields, such as automotive, aerospace, manufacturing and energy exploration, as they simplify the design and improve the operational efficiency of mechanical components. In practice, in addition to high phase transition temperatures, HTSMAs are required to possess large recoverable strains, long-term stability and resistance to plastic deformation and creep. However, as temperatures rise, these requirements become increasingly difficult to meet. In addition, the poor processability and high raw material costs associated with this class of alloys present a significant challenge to their industrialization. Nevertheless, compositional control, alloying, thermal-mechanical treatment and the development of new preparation processes have led to some progress in the study of HTSMAs. Among the HTSMA systems studied so far, Ni-Ti-based, Cu-based and Ni-Mn-Ga-based HTSMAs have the most potential. This paper provides a brief overview of the physical and high�瞭emperature mechanical properties, processing technologies, applications and challenges of the three HTSMAs. It also summarizes the microstructures and mechanical properties of HTSMA materials prepared using different compositional designs, alloying and thermo�瞞echanical treatments.Furthermore, the development prospects of machine learning in assisting the design of shape memory alloy compositions are also included. It also provides an overview of the current challenges and future development directions of HTSMA materials in various fields.