文章信息/Info

Title:

Pain Points, Potential Solutions and Scientific Challenges in the Development of Primary Magnesium Industry

文章編號(hào):

1674-3962(2024)12-1053-10

作者:

單智偉; 楊博; 鄭芮; 王悅存; 方華靖; 劉博宇; 盧思穎; 楊唯一

西安交通大學(xué)材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院 金屬材料強(qiáng)度國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，陜西 西安 710049

Author(s):

SHAN Zhiwei;  YANG Bo;  ZHENG Rui;  WANG Yuecun;  FANG Huajing; LIU Boyu;  LU Siying;  YANG Weiyi

State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

關(guān)鍵詞:

原鎂; 懸浮煅燒; 硅熱法還原; 宏量制備; 硅泥; 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品

Keywords:

primary magnesium;  suspension calcination;  silicothermic reduction;  mass production;  silicon sludge;  reference sample

分類號(hào):

TF822

DOI:

10.7502/j.issn.1674-3962.202412003

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:

A

摘要:

從21世紀(jì)初，中國(guó)就已成為世界第一大原鎂生產(chǎn)國(guó)和鎂錠出口國(guó)，但近年來(lái)我國(guó)的原鎂產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步放緩、新技術(shù)匱乏，難以滿足國(guó)家日益收緊的節(jié)能環(huán)保政策要求，面臨著前所未有的生存困境。為推動(dòng)我國(guó)原鎂工業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，亟需國(guó)家層面的政策引導(dǎo)與支持，加大研發(fā)資金的投入，吸引一批高水平的研究隊(duì)伍，發(fā)起新一輪的顛覆性技術(shù)革新。梳理了目前原鎂冶煉工藝中的一系列關(guān)鍵痛點(diǎn)問(wèn)題：白云石煅燒能耗高、效率低，硅熱法宏量還原裝備缺乏，還原劑生產(chǎn)成本、能耗高，精煉工序效率低、環(huán)境惡劣，以及鎂錠成分檢測(cè)準(zhǔn)確性不足等。通過(guò)深入剖析上述問(wèn)題的起源，進(jìn)而提出了相應(yīng)的創(chuàng)新解決思路，包括研發(fā)白云石粉體的懸浮態(tài)高效煅燒工藝、墻式宏量還原系統(tǒng)、光伏固廢硅泥還原劑、全惰性氣氛保護(hù)下的壓力精煉技術(shù)及低含量純鎂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)樣品等，并凝練了其背后的高價(jià)值科學(xué)難題，描繪出一幅高效節(jié)能、綠色低碳的硅熱法煉鎂工藝新藍(lán)圖。

Abstract:

China has become the world’s largest primary magnesium producer and magnesium ingot exporter since the beginning of 21st century. However, in recent years, the technological progress of primary magnesium industry has slowed down and there has been a lack of new technologies, making it difficult to meet the country’s increasingly tightened energy conservation and environmental protection policies, and facing an unprecedented survival crisis. To promote the sustainable development of China’s primary magnesium industry, an increase in research and development funding is urgently needed from the state so as to attract high-level research teams and initiate novel and disruptive technological innovations. A series of key issues in existing primary magnesium production processes have been identified in this article, like low efficiency and high energy consumption of dolomite calcination, the lack of large-scale reduction equipment for the silicothermic process, high costs and energy consumption of reducing agents, low efficiency and poor environment of refining process and inaccurate composition detection of magnesium ingots. Through in-depth analysis of the origin of the above issues, corresponding innovative solutions are put forward, such as the high-efficiency suspension calcination process for dolomite powder, a wall-type large-scale reduction system, photovoltaic solid waste silicon sludge reducing agents, pressure refining technology under a fully inert atmosphere protection, and pure magnesium reference samples with low content, etc. It also highlights high�瞯alue scientific problems of these ideas and sketches a new blueprint for an efficient, energy-saving, green and low-carbon silicothermic magnesium smelting process.